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EV0765

The silent burden of caregiving: gender differences in psychiatric morbidity among primary caregivers of patients with opioid dependence

THE SILENT BURDEN OF CARE: GENDER DIVIDE IN PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY AMONG PRIMARY CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH OPIOID DEPENDENCE

Psychiatric morbidity was identified in 75.9% of primary caregivers of patients with opioid dependence, with a significantly higher rate among female caregivers (79.4%) than male caregivers (68.4%).

The aim was to examine psychiatric morbidity among primary caregivers of patients with opioid dependence and its distribution by gender. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Addiction Treatment Unit of SKIMS Medical College Hospital; 290 primary caregivers aged 18 to 65 were assessed using a semi-structured sociodemographic questionnaire, clinical history, mental status examination, and the M.I.N.I. Plus. Diagnoses were established according to ICD-10 criteria, and p<0.05 was set as the threshold for statistical significance. The mean age of participants was 38.59 ± 12.31 years, and the largest age group was 45 to 59 years (34.8%); 195 (67.2%) were female and 95 (32.8%) were male, while 156 (53.8%) lived in rural areas, 124 (42.8%) in urban areas, and 10 (3.4%) in semi-urban areas. Psychiatric morbidity was identified in 220 of the 290 caregivers (75.9%), while 70 (24.1%) had no psychiatric diagnosis; 149 (51.4%) had a current diagnosis, and 71 (24.5%) had a past psychiatric history. The most common diagnosis was major depressive disorder (32.7%), followed by generalized anxiety disorder (21.4%), panic disorder (7.9%), adjustment disorder (5.9%), borderline personality disorder (2.8%), bipolar disorder (2.8%), social anxiety disorder (1.4%), and somatoform disorders (1.0%); mood disorders accounted for 35.5% of the total and anxiety disorders for 30.7%. Morbidity was present in 155/195 female caregivers (79.4%) and 65/95 male caregivers (68.4%), and the difference was significant (p=0.031). By relationship to the patient, the highest rates were observed among mothers (75/85; 88.2%), sisters (38/44; 86.4%), brothers (25/32; 78.1%), and spouses (50/66; 75.7%), while the rate among fathers was 51.9% (28/54); the association between relationship to the patient and morbidity was statistically significant (chi-square = 21.79, p=0.001). In conclusion, integrating routine psychiatric screening and gender-sensitive psychosocial interventions into opioid dependence treatment services is recommended, with particular attention to female caregivers and those bearing a long-term caregiving burden.

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