# Clinical efficacy and placebo effects of theta-burst stimulation in gambling disorder: the role of baseline anxiety and depression

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- Page title: Clinical efficacy and placebo effects of theta-burst stimulation in gambling disorder: the role of baseline anxiety and depression | WCP 2026 Summary

> Dual-target theta-burst stimulation was associated with improvements in gambling symptoms and craving but did not demonstrate significant superiority over sham…

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EV0055

E-PosterNöromodülasyonRKÇ

# Clinical efficacy and placebo effects of theta-burst stimulation in gambling disorder: the role of baseline anxiety and depression

CLINICAL EFFICACY AND PLACEBO EFFECTS OF THETA-BURST STIMULATION IN GAMBLING DISORDER: ROLE OF BASELINE ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

Sunan: Hu-Ming Chang

Ülke: Taiwan

Kurum: Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Department of Addiction Sciences

Dual-target theta-burst stimulation was associated with improvements in gambling symptoms and craving but did not demonstrate significant superiority over sham stimulation; baseline anxiety emerged as the most consistent predictor of response to active stimulation.

The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of dual-target theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in gambling disorder and to examine whether baseline anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted treatment response. In a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled design, 60 of the 75 individuals assessed for eligibility were randomized in a 2:1 ratio (40 active, 20 sham), with 37 participants in the active group and 19 in the sham group included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Ten stimulation sessions were administered over two weeks; the active arm received intermittent TBS (1,800 pulses) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, followed by continuous TBS (1,200 pulses) to the pre-supplementary motor area. Gambling severity and craving were measured at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 8 using the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS), while baseline anxiety and depression were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A clinically meaningful response was defined as a reduction of at least 50% from baseline to week 8. Both groups showed marked reductions in gambling severity and craving, but active stimulation did not demonstrate significant superiority over sham stimulation. In the active group, baseline BAI scores were consistently associated with clinical improvement (for VAS, r = 0.38 [week 2], r = 0.43 [week 4], r = 0.60 [week 8]; for G-SAS, r = 0.46 [week 4], r = 0.47 [week 8]); a 1-standard-deviation increase in baseline BAI was associated with an approximately 2.45-fold increase in the likelihood of a G-SAS response and a 3.38-fold increase in the likelihood of a VAS response, an association not observed in the sham group. In conclusion, baseline anxiety provided the most consistent signal as a potential predictor of response to active TBS, whereas baseline depression appeared to be associated more with nonspecific or placebo-related improvement. These findings require confirmation in a larger, adequately powered study incorporating prespecified moderator analyses.

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APA 7: Chang, H-M. (2026, September 23-26). Clinical efficacy and placebo effects of theta-burst stimulation in gambling disorder: role of baseline anxiety and depression [E-poster]. 26th WPA World Congress of Psychiatry (WCP 2026), Stockholm, Sweden. https://cslide.ctimeetingtech.com/wcp26/attendee/eposter/file/1253

Vancouver: Chang HM. Clinical efficacy and placebo effects of theta-burst stimulation in gambling disorder: role of baseline anxiety and depression [e-poster]. 26th WPA World Congress of Psychiatry (WCP 2026); 2026 Sep 23-26; Stockholm, Sweden. Available from: https://cslide.ctimeetingtech.com/wcp26/attendee/eposter/file/1253

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